保定巨盛模具制造有限公司

造成路面检查井周围不平整的主要因素

Main factors causing irregularity around pavement inspection wells

调查发现，90%以上的城市道路检查井存在不同程度的沉降问题。在下沉检查井井盖周边 10 ～ 25 厘米范围内路面出现圆形裂缝，并下沉成为城市道路上的一个个“肚脐眼”。不平整的路表面会增大行车阻力，并使车辆产生附加振动，影响行车速度、行车安全以及驾驶的平稳性。振动作用还会对路面施加冲击力，从而加剧路面病害和汽车轮胎的磨损。造成检查井周围路面不平整的原因是多方面的，涉及检查井设计、检查井材料、路基处理、路面及井座安装等多方面因素。

The survey found that more than 90% of the urban road inspection wells have different degrees of settlement. Within the circumcrest of the inspection well cover 10~25 centimeters around the road surface cracks appear, and sink into a city road "belly button". The uneven road surface will increase the resistance of the train and cause additional vibration to the vehicle, which will affect the speed of running, the safety of driving and the smoothness of driving. Vibration also exerts impact on the road surface, thus aggravating pavement distress and tire wear. There are many reasons for the unevenness of the pavement surrounding the inspection well, which involve the design of the well, the material of the well, the treatment of the subgrade, the installation of the pavement and the well.

一

One

施工方面的影响

Influence on Construction

1 施工质量未达到要求

1 the quality of construction has not reached the requirement

检查井基坑开挖尺寸偏小，回填质量受到影响。在检查井施工回填过程中，应该清除表层渣土，更换级配良好的土。由于检查井四周回填土数量很小，在很多施工现场并没有把好质量关，往往把表层渣土、砌筑检查井的碎砖石和其他杂土等都回填在检查井四周，这些杂填土在施工时很难被压实，达不到施工规程所要求的压实标准，因而在道路使用过程中会发生明显的沉降，引起地面下沉。另外，由于道路施工招聘的农民工流动性较大，各专业班组人员不固定，工人责任心不强，从而导致在升井施工中操作人员操作水平不一致，使得部分井筒不平整，在安装井座后，因受力不均而导致井座断裂而下沉。

The excavation size of the inspection well is small, and the quality of backfill is affected. In the process of backfilling, the surface soil should be removed to replace the well graded soil. Because the number of backfill soil around the inspection well is very small and there is no good quality control at many construction sites, the surface residual soil, masonry and other clutter are filled around the inspection well, which are difficult to be compacted in construction, so that the compaction standards required by the construction rule are not reached, so the road is not required. In the course of using the road, there will be obvious settlement, causing the ground to sink. In addition, as the mobility of the migrant workers in the road construction is larger, the staff of various professional groups are not fixed, and the workers' responsibility is not strong, which leads to the uneven operation level of the operators in the construction of the well, which makes some wellbore unevenness. After the installation of the well, it causes the fracture to sink and sink because of the uneven force.

2 施工工艺缺陷

2 defects in construction process

按照传统混凝土路面检查井井座安装工艺，一般就是在底层沥青摊铺后采用与井筒同强度的混凝土将井筒升到位，然后将检查井井座直接安装在井筒上，随后铺筑面层沥青。城市道路施工一般受工期限制，在混凝土强度未达到设计要求时即开始铺筑面层沥青，从而造成砌体破坏、井座下沉，引起检查井周围路面不平整。摊铺面层沥青混合料时，若沥青混合料碾压不足，在车辆荷载的作用下检查井与周围路面衔接处极易产生下陷，破坏路面，严重影响路面平整度。底层沥青摊铺后，有的施工单位在安装检查井井座时只考虑框比周边底层沥青面高出面层沥青厚度，而未充分考虑检查井在整个路幅的位置面层沥青的摊铺方式，导致面层沥青铺筑成型后井框与路面不平整。

According to the traditional concrete pavement inspection well base installation technology, generally, the well bore is used with the same strength of the wellbore after the asphalt paving at the bottom, then the check well seat is installed directly on the wellbore, and then the surface layer asphalt is laid. The construction of urban road is generally limited by the period of time. When the concrete strength has not reached the design requirement, it begins to build the surface layer asphalt, which causes the damage of the masonry and the sinking of the shaft, which causes the roughness of the pavement around the inspection well. If the asphalt mixture is not enough to be crushed under the asphalt mixture, it is easy to check the joint of the well and the surrounding pavement under the action of the vehicle load, which will cause the collapse of the pavement and destroy the pavement, which seriously affects the pavement evenness. After the bottom asphalt paving, some construction units only consider the asphalt thickness of the high out layer of the surrounding bottom asphalt when installing the well base, but not fully consider the paving method of the asphalt in the position surface of the inspection well, which leads to the unevenness of the well frame and the pavement after the formation of the surface layer.

二

Two

规划设计方面的影响

The impact of planning and design

1 检查井是城市道路的薄弱点

1 the inspection well is the weak point of the urban road

若设计不合理，极易引起周围路面破坏，影响行车安全和舒适。一些施工单位在进行线型设计时没有综合考虑各种因素，检查井的位置、间距设计不符合规范要求。比如，把检查井设置在快车道上，检查井容易在车辆荷载的反复作用下产生沉陷，导致路面不平整。规划设计的不合理性也会导致道路结构设计的不合理。有的道路两边建筑物限制了道路宽度，在结构设计时所有雨污水管道均布置在道路中间或靠近中间，而这段区域正是行车频繁区域，这是导致检查井沉降原因之一。

If the design is unreasonable, it will easily cause damage to the surrounding road surface and affect the safety and comfort of driving. Some construction units did not consider all kinds of factors when carrying out linear design. The location and spacing design of inspection wells did not meet the requirements of codes. For example, setting the inspection well on the fast lane, the inspection well is prone to subsidence under repeated action of vehicle load, resulting in uneven road surface. The unreasonableness of planning and design will also lead to unreasonable design of road structure. Some roads on both sides of the road restrict the width of the road. All the rainwater pipes are arranged in the middle or near the middle of the road when the structure is designed, which is one of the reasons for the settlement of the inspection well.

2 检查井井框直径与设计井筒直径不匹配

2 the diameter of the check well frame does not match the diameter of the design well.

近几年来，许多地区开始推行复合材料井座井盖。由于该种井座内径多为 650 毫米，而检查井井筒内径标准为 700 毫米，这就造成复合材料井座安装成型后存在先天性缺陷，在使用过程中主要由井座外沿边承受整个行车荷载，而不是整个井座底部，从而造成井座外沿损坏，使井座下沉。

In recent years, composite wells have been put into practice in many areas. Because the inner diameter of this kind of well is 650 mm, and the inner diameter standard of the inspection well is 700 mm, which causes the congenital defect after the installation and molding of the composite well. In the process of use, it is mainly supported by the whole driving load along the side of the well, not the bottom of the whole well, resulting in the damage of the outer edge of the well, so that the well is damaged. The seat is sinking.

三

Three

检查井材料方面的影响

Influence of material on inspection well

检查井及其周边范围内各种材料的刚度和强度存在相当大的差异。道路基层材料、检查井预制盖板、沥青路面和检查井的铸铁盖座的材质不同，它们的强度、弹性模量、温胀系数以及弹塑性变形等指标均不相同。材料的差异使得检查井和其周围路基在外荷载作用下变形不相同，从而导致检查井和其周围路面产生不均匀沉降，影响路面的平整性。

The stiffness and strength of various materials in the inspection well and its surrounding area are quite different. The material of the road base material, the prefabricated cover plate of the inspection well, the asphalt pavement and the cast iron cover of the inspection well are different, and their strength, modulus of elasticity, the coefficient of thermal expansion and the elastoplastic deformation are different. The difference of material makes the deformation of the inspection well and its surrounding subgrade be different under the external load, which leads to the uneven settlement of the inspection well and the surrounding pavement, and affects the roughness of the pavement.

四

Four

日常管理维护方面

Daily management and maintenance

许多道路检查井出现病害后大都未得到必要地修补，这是由于道路管理部门的财力所限，大量的检查井修缮需要大笔资金，修缮完成后使用时间有限。因此，有些地方能用就用，实在不能用了才进行修补。

Most of the road inspection wells have not been repaired necessary after the disease. This is due to the limits of the financial resources of the road management department. A large number of inspection well repairs need large sums of money, and the use time is limited after the repair is completed. Therefore, some places can be used, and it is really useless to repair.